When I was a kid in the 90’s, my family watched every Holy Week program available on local television every year. Back then in the Philippines, airing of regular TV shows were paused from Maundy Thursday to Black Saturday. Although my family was among the first Filipinos who had a dial-up modem at home, it wasn’t until around 2001 when the internet became available to a minority. That’s why it was to the delight of my family (and to the complaints of boredom from non-religious Catholics, non-Catholics and atheists) that local channels screened Catholic films and Catholic documentaries from abroad, and even produced some features of their own (Though I have quit watching TV for almost three years now, except EWTN.).
We also watched both taped and live broadcasts of The Seven Last Words by various priests. However, while I saw them several times over the years, I still could not understand the fourth of the Seven Last Words of Jesus, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46, Mark 15:34). I still got confused, ‘Did Jesus despair on the Cross? Did God turn His back on Him? Was Jesus truly forsaken?’ Many Catholics, apparently, also find His fourth Word puzzling or even disturbing. That’s until I decided to delve deeper on this through the internet as a grown-up. I should say that I still find it difficult to fully comprehend why He cried in anguish using those words. But what may shed light on this topic is trying to look at the whole context of what Jesus said, which I will tackle later in my deep reflection on this article.
My Reflection
On being betrayed and deserted by people
1. I notice that many Catholics who either terribly languish in their faith and relationship with God, leave the Catholic Church, and turn into agnostics or atheists that adamantly refuse to acknowledge God have something in common—they have been wounded emotionally in the past. And I’m not invalidating their feelings; I understand them, and feel for them. Faithful Catholics are able to relate with their pain one way or another because we, too, have been hurt at some point in our lives.
2. Bad deeds that random people do to us are painful enough. Evil things caused to us by the people we loved and trusted are much more painful. It’s when a person feels betrayed and deserted. These lingering pains when left ‘untreated’ turn into emotional wounds.
Children, for example, who were failed by their parents through physical neglect or emotional abuse feel rejected by the very people who are supposed to care for them ‘more than anything in the world.’ Later on, they become adults who bring with them emotional scars that eventually bruise their own spouses and children—and the generational cycle of hurts continues. In the same way, some parents are cast aside by ungrateful children, and they are left alone feeling dejected. Some are wronged and connived against by their own family members, while others are betrayed by their spouses or closest of friends. As they say, “False friends are worse than open enemies.”
3. Jesus Himself experienced betrayal and desertion, and felt its pains and pangs. We know that Jesus was betrayed by His very own disciple, Judas Iscariot.
The Gospel of Matthew tells us more. Jesus asked His trusted disciples to “Sit here while I go over there and pray,” and told them, “My soul is sorrowful even to death. Remain here and keep watch with me” (Matthew 26:36,38). But when He returned, He must have felt deserted as He found them asleep, including the disciple Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, whom He brought with Him where He prayed. We feel the pain in the words of Jesus that His Apostles could not do as they are told, when He said to Peter, “So you could not keep watch with me for one hour?” (v.40). And this happened thrice. Jesus withdrew to pray for a second and a third time. He still found them asleep when He had returned, and said to them, “Are you still sleeping and taking your rest?” (v.45).
4. Our Lord suffered from another betrayal when Peter denied Him three times. Have you ever felt the pain of broken promises? When what is promised us is unfulfilled, we feel betrayed.
Before he denied Jesus, Peter promised Him, “Though all may have their faith in you shaken, mine will never be” and that “Even though I should have to die with you, I will not deny you” (Matthew 26:33, 35). In fact, “all the disciples spoke likewise.” And as if pouring gasoline on fire, Peter referred to Jesus as simply “the man” when “he denied it with an oath” and “began to curse and to swear, ‘I do not know the man'” (Matthew 26:72, 74). What a dreadful let down from your closest friends!
5. On the road to Calvary, among the large crowd that followed Jesus, were many women who mourned and lamented Him (Luke 23:27), but His own disciples were nowhere to be found. In His last moments on the Cross, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mary the wife of Clopas (perhaps the mother of James and of Joseph; a biological sister of the Blessed Mother, another daughter of Saints Anne and Joachim, according to the visions of Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich, a 19th century German mystic), Mary of Magdala (Mary Magdalene), Salome, and His cousin John the Beloved were among the few closest to Him who were there for Him, looking on (Mark 15:40, Luke 23:49).
I think it’s worth noting that they were looking on… from a distance (Mark 15:40). The acquaintances and followers of Jesus watched with them only from a distance. This is akin to dying without the family by one’s side, either because they were estranged, or God allowed it to happen. It’s a horrifying thought to die in a den of snakes with family and friends afar. This also reminds me of the plight of persecuted Christians in the Middle East or elsewhere in the world who are kidnapped, tortured and killed by terrorists, away from their families; and those who die in wars behind enemy lines.
On feeling abandoned by God
1. For us faithful, it brings us some solace to know that our pains, especially those caused by the very people we cherished who betrayed or deserted us, are most profoundly understood and shared by Our Lord Jesus Who experienced it Himself on earth.
2. But many people remain emotionally wounded—those Catholics who have lost their Faith, those who have fallen away from the Church, and those who have become atheists and agnostics, as mentioned earlier. They have this resentment or anger that just as people have betrayed them, so it can be equated that God has abandoned them. And to prove it, they say that the Crucified Jesus Himself had been abandoned by God, for which He asked, “Why?”
3. And at times, with all the sad and evil things that are happening in our lives and in the world, even firm Catholics, perhaps including you and I, could not help but echo Jesus in asking with a “Why?” that has been resounding since the early human history as written in the Bible—”My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”
Has God forsaken His Own Son, Jesus? Is this really what Our Lord meant by the Fourth Word? Are we reasonably justified to ask God the same question?
The Question “Why?”
In the English language, it is taught that intonation and emphasis in the tone of voice give different meanings to one sentence. For example, the sentence, “She is going,” may sound plain (a statement of fact), to excited (She is going!), sarcastic and wanting the person to leave (She is going), to singling out the person (She is going).
So in the same way, I realized that the context of asking God “Why…?” varied with just a change in the tone of our voice and a shift in the emphasis from one word to another word within the question.
In my observation, there exists the manner by which people use this word to ask God, which for the purpose of this article, I will personally call as “types.” Let’s look at each one as we come close to a deeper understanding of the Fourth Word of Jesus.
The First Type of “Why?”
1. The first type is what I hear most of the time among atheists, agnostics, or former Catholics-turned-unbelievers. It is the hateful “Why?” that is asked with sarcasm and mockery toward God. “If catholic god is ‘good’ like he claims he is, or if he is even real, then why does he allow sufferings in the world?” (It is appalling how most of the time these people exert the effort to make sure that God and Catholic are spelled out in small letters. When atheists type “catholic” to me with a small “c” all the time, I don’t tell them that I actually have been noticing it in them…)
2. Such a question is like the modern form of what the Roman soldiers who gave him wine on the Cross, and the Jews who mocked Him, said: “Hail, King of the Jews!” (Matthew 27:29); Or that of the chief priests and scribes who mocked Him, “He saved others; he cannot save himself. So he is the king of Israel! Let him come down from the cross now, and we will believe in him. He trusted in God; let him deliver him now if he wants him. For he said, ‘I am the Son of God.’” (Matthew 27:42,43); Or that of the Impenitent ‘Bad’ thief who reviled Jesus, “Are you not the Messiah? Save yourself and us” (Luke 23:39).
3. It is also akin to what the passers-by shouted as they shook their heads at Him, “You who would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days, save yourself, if you are the Son of God, [and] come down from the cross!” (Matthew 27:40).
When the bystanders heard Him say, “Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachtani?” they taunted Him in reply, “Wait, let us see if Elijah comes to save him” (Matthew 27:49). They did not say this to witness whether Prophet Elijah (the Old Testament figure that I love so much, who is prophesied to come back still a living person before the end of the world) would really come down to save Jesus. But what they meant to say in a sarcastic tone was something like, ‘Obviously, Elijah’s not going to do that for this insignificant man…’
4. Modern-day unbelievers ask God “Why?” to lash out at Him because they falsely think of Him as powerless over the world and its problems. They are waiting for God to prove Himself as ‘good’ before they even consider believing in Him. Disguising themselves as being ‘compassionate,’ they challenge God to end people’s ‘sufferings’ so to speak by wanting Him to be permissive of their immoral choices, such as letting members of the ‘third sex’ participate in sexual unions or letting parents opt for abortion and the like.
5. Sometimes, their hatred for the Divine is severe that they also lash out at devout Catholics, ridiculing them for their most essential Catholics beliefs. Perhaps they loathe the Catholic teachings because they either just dislike them, or are incapable of following them because it is hard to be ‘good’ after all.
Like I have said, many of these people may be emotionally wounded from having gone through betrayal and abandonment in the past. And I feel for them; I know you do as well. But instead of asking the Lord for help, in all humility, and letting Him heal them, they avenge their brokenness by abandoning Him, religion and morality. Questioning God “Why?” in a blasphemous tone is never justified. This is not the “Why?” that Jesus lamented in anguish on the Cross.
The Second Type of “Why?”
1. The next type of “Why?” I often hear is a modern version of the reluctant Prophet Jonah’s reaction. To recap, God sent out Jonah to preach (which he did so, reluctantly) to Nineveh, the capital city of Assyria, an enemy of Israel, where ruthless and warlike people resided. If the wicked Ninevites would not convert and change their ways in forty days, God would destroy the entire city and all its inhabitants. Despite his reluctance, Jonah was a true servant of the Lord who followed all His commandments. His trust in Him was firm, especially when he prayed from inside the belly of the whale, “Out of my distress I called to the LORD…” (Jonah 2:3).
2. However, Jonah questioned against God’s ways. He was shocked that the Ninevites did actually convert after his preaching, and so God spared them from annihilation, but much to Jonah’s dismay. “But this greatly displeased Jonah, and he became angry” (Jonah 4:1). While he praised God, and said, “I knew that you are a gracious and merciful God, slow to anger, abounding in kindness, repenting of punishment” (Jonah 4:2), he could not bear and live with the thought that God gave the enemies of Israel, his enemies, another chance; he instead wished for death, saying, “So now, LORD, please take my life from me; for it is better for me to die than to live” (Jonah 4:4).
3. This same “Why?” is also asked by some Catholics who have been trying so hard to remain faithful to God and His teachings. Although it’s a question with a twist: “Why do good things happen to bad people?” And this question comes with a complaining tone: “Why, God, are you forsaking me, your faithful servant, by giving evil people a chance? It is all unfair!” This echoes the sentiments of the Prophet Jonah.
4. Faithful Catholics are tempted to ask God this “Why?” when they compare themselves against others, especially those who are technically ‘evil,’ but are materially, and sometimes even spiritually, graced by God. This is also asked when their enemies who have wronged them are not being handed the justice they seek against them.
Unable to comprehend why they face misfortunes, even when they follow all of God’s commands, and pray to Him, they could not help, but pour out a hurting “Why?”
Many of us cannot grasp why our prayers, which only ask for good and reasonable things such as physical cure from illness, emotional healing of baggage like anxiety and depression, honest livelihood, or a good and God-fearing spouse, are still left unanswered.
5. We understand the pain of seeing evildoers being showered with graces and the grief of not getting the justice we think we deserve, and we empathize with them in agony of waiting for our own prayers to be heard. But the problem with asking God “Why?” in this manner is that we are pressing God to answer prayers according to our terms. Similar to the previous type of “Why?” we need here the virtue of humility to acknowledge that God has perfect wisdom in all things—in granting our prayers, and dispensing His graces and blessings as He wills. This “Why?” sounds like a servant, on the verge of despair, getting impatient at his Master, telling Him what He can or cannot do. Questioning God this way is also not justified.
The Third Type of “Why?”—The “Why of Jesus Christ
So, is the second type of “Why?” the manner by which Jesus asked God? It is worth noting that from dearly referring to God as “My Father” during His agony in the Garden of Gethsemane (Matthew 26:39,42), He suddenly changed to addressing Him as “Eloi,” which is the formal way of saying God. Was Jesus directing God to answer Him? Had Jesus turned impatient at the Almighty?
Just like the two previous types of “Why?” we should try to analyze the whole context of His words in His last moments.
1. One key is Chapter 22 of the Book of Psalms. Psalm 22 has always been among my favorites. In fact, it is posted on the Home Page of this Website. “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” is the opening line of Psalm 22. Now we know that in fact, Jesus was actually quoting this line of the prayer. (During the time of the Israelites, the Psalms, written by King David and other psalmists, were the equivalent of our popular formula prayers in present time.) So the idea is that Jesus uttered Psalm 22 because He found it as a most appropriate prayer during His last moments.
2. Catholics who wrote articles on the Seven Last Words say that among the plausible theories is one that suggests that by crying out the very first line of Psalm 22, Jesus was showing the people that He was indeed the Messiah, for it was with Him that the prophecies written on Psalm 22 came true, such as being “scorned by men, despised by the people” (v.7); “All who see me mock me” (v.8); “He relied on the LORD—let him deliver him; if he loves him, let him rescue him” (v.9); “a pack of evildoers closes in on me. They have pierced my hands and my feet” (v.17); “they divide my garments among them; for my clothing they cast lots” (v.19).
Thus, Jesus was not questioning the Father. By quoting the very same prophetic line in the psalm itself, He was giving testimony to His oneness with God Who is the Living Word. Saint John Chrysostom offered such interpretation:
“Why does he speak this way, crying out, “Eli, Eli, lama sabach-thani?” That they might see that to his last breath he honors God as his Father and is no adversary of God. He spoke with the voice of Scripture, uttering a cry from the psalm. Thus even to his last hour he is found bearing witness to the sacred text. He offers this prophetic cry in Hebrew, so as to be plain and intelligible to them, and by all things Jesus shows how he is of one mind with the Father who had begotten him (The Gospel of Matthew, Homily 88.1).”
3. In my personal opinion, I would derive from what Saint Augustine said of this biblical passage.
“Out of the voice of the psalmist, which our Lord then transferred to himself, in the voice of this infirmity of ours, he spoke these words: ‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?’… Jesus appropriates the psalmist’s voice to himself, the voice of human weakness.”
~ Saint Augustine (Letters, 140 to Honoratus 6)
For Saint Augustine, Jesus “appropriated” the psalm, which means that He took this psalm and the psalmist’s voice for Himself.
4. Taking after what the good Saint said, you would realize that Jesus “appropriated” this prayer to convey His feelings of profound sadness and intense suffering during His Passion, in an expression of His humanity. But we must also read through the entire Psalm 22 to better understand the context of His Fourth Word, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”
Let me to share with you my own rephrasing of selected portions of Psalm 22. This is how I envision these verses to mean, based on my readings:
You know, my God, how this Passion has made me feel truly forsaken (v.2)
I pray to You for I know You are there, yet Your will not mine. (v.3)
It is You I call because I know that You are the One most Holy and Powerful God (v.4)
In the past, my ancestors trusted You; (v.5)
And they did not get disappointed for indeed, You rescued them. (v.6)
Only You, and no other, can help me. (v.12)
From death, I trust You will save me. (v.21)
From evil, I know You deliver me. (v.22)
Then, I will proclaim Your Name (v.23)
to all who worship You. (v.24)
They will see that You did not turn away from me, in my most pitiful condition, but heard me when I cried out. (v.25)
I will fulfill my vows to You Who have helped me. (v.26)
Others who also seek Your help will also offer praise in Your Name because I trust that You will help them just as You have helped me. (v.27)
Future generations will know of You and the help that You have given me. (v.32)
5. We confirm that this is not the same “Why?” of the pharisees, bystanders or modern-day atheists that mock and provoke God to prove His power and existence. Jesus was not asking, ‘Why God don’t You save Me, Your Own Son?’
His “Why?” is also not the same “Why?” of Jonah and some Catholics who question the will of God for themselves and other people. Jesus was not asking, ‘God, why do You keep these evildoers who sentenced Me to death, and nailed Me on the Cross, alive? Why don’t You let them suffer tremendously like I do now? And why would I pray for their forgiveness?’
6. In my own rephrasing of Psalm 22, it has given me a more personal glimpse into the heart of Jesus Christ as He was on the Cross. Psalm 22 tells us how Jesus completely entrusted Himself into the Hands of the all-powerful God of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and David; the One Who has done great things for generations in the past and for all generations to come. The Name of God shall forever be praised for His goodness.
Therefore, the “Why?” of Jesus was not a nagging question at God for answer or reprieve. It is an expression that He unites Himself to the Father’s Will, that He willingly gives Himself into His Passion and that He fully knows it means enduring betrayal and abandonment by men, for the sake of man’s salvation.
“Dearest Brothers and Sisters, the cry of Jesus on the cross (cf. Mt 27,46) is not the anguish of a desperate man, it is the prayer of the Son who offers his life to the Father for the salvation of all mankind.”
~ Saint Pope John Paul II
Our Own “Why?”
1. Whenever feelings of doubt or distress arises in us that God has turned His back on us, and out of human emotions we cannot help, but ask God, “Why?” remember that Jesus did utter that, too—but only with complete trust and faith in the Father that He has a Plan; and this plan, we may or may not know of.
2. Unlike atheists and former Catholics, we should not challenge God to prove Himself. The evil that others have done to us are not committed by God Himself. Sometimes, we don’t need an explanation for why He has allowed this and that to happen. What we only need is prayer; to let God know of these evildoers, and lift up to Him our hurts and oppression. Tell Him what’s going on, and it is written in His book.
We know that Jesus’ very last words were, “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit” (Luke 23:46). And actually, Jesus was quoting from another Psalm—Psalm 31, which is my most favorite Psalm of all. And again, it is posted on the Home Page of this Website. For those who pray the Divine Office or the Liturgy of the Hours like I do, in Night Prayer or Compline, the Responsory oftentimes says, “Into your hands, Lord, I commend my spirit.” This is not something that we should just pray when death seems to be nigh. I encourage you, dear Readers, to pray it before sleeping, along with the stories of our daily lives that we report to God. In doing so, we entrust in His hands our day-to-day situations, which we are unable to control, including how other people want to treat us. Let God deal with those people who did, do, and will do us harm. We should not let their evil consume or haunt us by lashing out at God or at other Catholics who are faithful to God.
3. In Psalm 22, the psalmist did not wish all those evil people ill. Instead of asking for their demise, Jesus echoed the psalm, and asked God for their forgiveness when He said, “Father, forgive them, they know not what they do” (Luke 23:34). It was even the First Word that He said on the Cross. And I know that this is terribly hard to do. Even the prophet Jonah could not bear the thought of God’s forgiveness for the enemies of his own people. But we should seek from God to obtain the grace of forgiving those who have wronged us, for it is only through Him that we would have the strength to do so.
When we feel that God has abandoned us
1. Individually and collectively as Catholics, we suffer from various hardships, illnesses, afflictions, humiliations, injustices and persecution—all in varying degrees.
As Catholic in this big, modern world, there are times when it seems that we Catholics are ‘outnumbered.’ Whatever I do, in whichever aspect of life, I sometimes feel like we Catholics have already been abandoned or left by God to the hostility of the secular people.
2. I don’t even to go out the house to feel this hostility. Even at home, while doing my hobbies, I encounter this harshness of secular people. For example, merely searching the internet for small details about something as shallow as video games, I notice that most of the time, if somebody in an internet forum commented on something about God, that person is trolled by many hate comments with horrifying blasphemies about God. If this only happened to be in person, it would have almost felt for me like I was seeing those children in Lord of the Flies, who were out to kill any person, a mob against a few, that would speak of God.
As another example, recently, I saw on Twitter this musician (an atheist) who makes covers of video game music and songs. He posted on Twitter a screenshot of his chat between him and his friend. In the chat, his artist friend is asking for his advice whether he (artist friend) should remove his artwork that he posted on Twitter… because religious people are asking him to remove it as they find his art “offensive.”
This musician’s reply said that these religious people who have hatred for others (What he means to say that having morals is the same as having hatred for others.) are the very ones who “never achieve their dreams.” (So basically, he’s saying that he has been achieving his dreams because he has no limits in doing anything, especially in morality, and is promoting to everyone to do the same…) And he continues that because of such, his friend shouldn’t remove his art (again, an offensive art to people with religion), and just ignore those religious people.
Even though his friend’s question is supposedly a private chat and just a matter between them, this musician really made it a point to publish the screenshot on Twitter so that religious people could take the brunt, while nonreligious people could take hint. And of course, those who reacted to his tweets extolled him for it.
This musician is just somewhat popular to only a niche of a particular video game genre, but it’s apparent in his tweets that he talks as if he is an A-list celebrity; as if he owns the world. These days, atheists associate religion with hatred, and label those with religion and morals as having “hatred.” If you really think of it, in publishing his screenshot, is it not this musician himself who actually has personal hatred toward religious people (who have values and morals)? And is he not sowing that hatred by advising to ignore them (or not even give some consideration) even when they are already uncomfortable or disturbed because something is posted out there which is offensive to them?
3. These are just a few of the many forms of struggles that faithful Catholics in the world endure every day. It’s really hard to blend in, not that we need or want to, especially when you are firm with who you are as someone who believes in God and have Christian values and stance. At times, I almost ask, “Why God, do you let the faithful stand like deserted sheep among a pack of wolves? When will You come in aid of persecuted Catholics?”
4. But to these questions, God has given the answers. In Psalm 22, the psalmist firmly believes that only God, and no other, can help him. With this psalm in mind, we may be asking God, “Why?” but it is not really to demand for an answer, but to express total confidence that our help is in God, and it will come. It only seems that evildoers and oppressors are winning at the moment. But He has a much better plan for those who live in Him. If we have been wronged or oppressed, we may offer our anguishes, sufferings and torments, as a response to “I thirst” (John 19:28) of Jesus—His invitation is to quench it with our love for Him in the form of sacrifices we can offer Him. For as long as we try to do our part in achieving God’s Holy Will, we will discover His plan for us while we are alive on earth, or uncover its mysteries in Heaven someday.
5. Whenever we feel alone or deserted, remember that it only seems that God has abandoned us in our miserable state among the evildoers in this world. We should look through the eyes of Jesus. He saw His Sorrowful Mother and His cousin John before Him, but the other women and followers could only suffer with Him from afar, looking on at a distance. But that didn’t mean that God was likewise far. God has never turned His back on Him even for a second. Christ had a constant beatific vision all throughout His earthly life. And while we do not enjoy the same beatific vision, we must use our eyes of faith, and gaze at the Cross. Jesus asks us to carry this Cross as we follow Him. He has given us the Blessed Mother, “’Woman, behold, your son.’ ‘Behold, your mother.’” (John 19:26,27), who is looking at us, not from a distance; Rather, she is right here with us, placing us under her mantle as we carry our crosses.
6. From Maundy Thursday until Black Saturday, all crucifixes, statues, and monstrances inside Adoration Chapels in parishes are draped with the purple veil. The veiling of these blessed objects symbolize the darkness that Jesus experienced as He went through His Passion and Death. Right now, many of us Catholics are going through darkness in this life because of different forms of affliction and injustice, caused by those who are living in the darkness of sin. But just as He said that “It is finished (John 19:30).” Our Most Holy Redeemer and Savior constantly reminds us that our redemption is at hand (Luke 21:28). This darkness that oppressed Catholics suffer into is only temporary, and only lasts on earth, because God has brought us the light of salvation and hope through the Resurrection of His Only Begotten Son. The death of Jesus Christ has already destroyed our eternal death.
***
The Sacrifice of Jesus Christ is the consummation of all Salvation History. We should rejoice that we are among the chosen ones to live at this very moment, trying to accomplish our own roles and missions in this Salvation History that covers the grand scheme of things. In doing our part, and living with a holy fear of the Lord, we will one day obtain what He promised the Good Thief, “Amen, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise” (Luke 23:43). Then in our portion in Heaven, where we will never feel deserted and abandoned, there will never ever be a need to ask “Why?”
Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on us!
Immaculate Heart of Mary, pray for us!
Our Lady of Sorrows, pray for us!
Mama Mary, pray for us!
Amen.
She graduated cum laude from the University of Santo Tomas, the country's Pontifical and Catholic university, with an AB in Legal Management and minor units in Theology.
As an unmarried woman, prayer holds a central place in her daily life, with a focus on the Rosary and the Divine Office. Embodying her faith, she emphasizes the growth of her inner spiritual life, guided by the wisdom of Carmelite spirituality.
God manifested to her in a unique and radical manner, which made her know Who He truly is and led her to total surrender of her life to Him.
She has studied the Bible with her family, developing a particular fondness for the Old Testament.
Her adorable and intelligent toy poodle is a delightful companion in her daily life, bringing warmth and joy to her home.
Her hobbies include reading about everything, learning Japanese and German, listening to music and playing the flute.
In her leisure time, she enjoys gaming on PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch OLED, Nintendo 3DS, iOS and OS, and collecting things related to PlayStation and Nintendo.
Email: [email protected]
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A wonderful exposition of the 4t last word. This is a true inspiration
Thank you so much, Joseph, for your kind words. May God bless you and your family.